According to a recent study by Willemssen (2010), frogs are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Note the reader knows exactly when/where information from the source is used:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. These paragraphs are "APA correct" and easy to read. When oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can also assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010). When frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland (Willemssen, 2010). They are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution (Willemssen, 2010).
This paragraph is technically correct for APA, but it is difficult to read in large part because the in-text citations are intrusive and awkward:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. When oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010).Ĭorrect, but Ugly. When frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland. They are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Do not do this:įrogs are excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. In this paragraph, the citation occurs only at the end, and the reader does not know exactly when/where information comes from the source. Then, refer back to the source when needed to ensure your reader understands you are still using the same source.įor examples of the "bad," the "ugly," and the "good," please see below:īad. Basically, introduce the source you are summarizing or paraphrasing at the beginning of the paragraph. Solution: Use a lead-in at the beginning of your paragraph. Thus, an end-of-paragraph citation does not meet that requirement. It is also awkward to read! However, technically, APA demands that your reader knows exactly what information you got from someone else and when you start using it. When you summarize or paraphrase someone else's information in several sentences or more, it feels awkward to put in a citation at the end of each sentence you write. 55 Textbooks, eTextbooks, & Digital Content.
#Summarize paragraph in one sentence professional
8 Professional & Academic eCommunications.
For longer passages, your final product should be a summary of the entire passage that flows directly with the original passage. Reread each summary sentence after completing the plug-in task. " If the main idea of the paragraph is cause/effect, use the frame " happens because_ **.
", If the main idea of the paragraph is sequence use the frame " _ begins with, continues with and ends with **. " If the main idea of the paragraph is compare/contrast, use the frame "X and Y are similar in that they both, but X, while Y_. " If the main idea of the paragraph is problem/solution, use the frame " _ wanted but * so*. If the main idea of the paragraph is description/definition, use the frame "A is a kind of that_. Plug the keywords into the frame so it reads as a comprehensible sentence that is a summary of the paragraph. Decide whether the main idea of the paragraph is description/definition, problem/solution, compare/contrast, sequence or cause/effect.Ĭhoose the appropriate frame to correlate with the category of main idea for the paragraph.
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